印度自成立之日起，便一直对中国虎视眈眈，公然作出越界举动。在1955年后，美苏两国先后加大了对印度的扶持，令印度更加肆无忌惮，俨然将自己当成了亚洲第一。1962年，中国和印度打了一仗，中国解放军仅用三十二天就彻底打败了印度。然而，印度对此十分不甘心，并且还苦思冥想，总结出五条原因为自己的失败辩解。在海外论坛，印度网友问：印度怎么会在中印战争中输掉？这引起各国网友的关注和热议。




中国网友郭维的回答
Chairman Mao said, 'I've been thinking for ten days and ten nights, but I don't understand why India is provoking us.'.

毛主席说，我想了十天十夜，不明白印度为什么要挑衅我们。

In my opinion, the reason why India lost this war in 1962 was fundamentally because the Indian army did not have the strength to fight against China. I'm not looking down on the Indian army, I'm just calmly thinking, why do Indians think they can win?

在我看来，1962年印度之所以输掉这场战争，根本上是因为印度军队没有实力与中国作战。我不是看不起印度军队，我只是在冷静地思考，为什么印度人认为他们能赢？

If a group of people were given a gun, could they be called an army? No

如果给一群人人手一把枪，他们能被称为军队吗？不。

A elite army should have good equipment, rich combat experience, strong spirit, and strict discipline. To be honest, I think the Indian army is not doing well enough on the above four points.

一支精锐的军队应该有良好的装备、丰富的作战经验、强大的精神和严格的纪律。老实说，我认为印度军队在以上四点上做得不够好。

In ancient China, the official army often only needed a few thousand cavalry to defeat and kill over 100000 peasant uprisings, so the rabble often had little combat power.

在中国古代，官方军队往往只需要几千名骑兵就可以击败并杀死10多万农民起义军，因此乌合之众往往是没什么战斗力的。

The gap between the Chinese and Indian armies directly led to the outcome of the war.

中印军队之间的差距直接导致了战争的结果。

The Chinese military knows when to equip artillery and when to lay down artillery. Know the optimal distance between officers at all levels of the People's Liberation Army and the front line. The People's Liberation Army also knows the distance you can reach if you use light infantry to transport supplies to the enemy's rear.

中国军队知道什么时候需要装备火炮，什么时候应该放下火炮。知道解放军各级军官与前线之间的最佳距离。人民解放军也知道如果使用轻步兵向敌人后方运送补给，所能达到的距离。

These are all decades of accumulated combat experience, so the Chinese army can encircle the rear of the Indian army from mountainous areas that the Indian army deems impossible to pass through.

这些都是几十年战斗积累的经验，因此，中国军队可以从印度军队认为无法通过的山区包抄印度军队的后方。

In fact, there should be no conflict between India and China at all.

事实上，印度和中国之间根本不应该发生冲突。

Most of the border between the two countries is naturally divided by snowy mountains. India cannot occupy the north of the the Himalayas, nor can China fully occupy the south of the Himalayas. Because in winter, your army lost support from the rear and could only be repelled.

两国的大部分边界自然被雪山分割。印度不能占领喜马拉雅山的北部，中国也不能全面占领喜马拉雅山脉的南部。因为在冬天，你的军队失去了后方的支持，只能被击退。

Therefore, I cannot understand why India has provoked China.

因此，我无法理解印度为何挑衅中国。

The Chinese side recorded the combat scenes during their initial contact, and I can recount them to you.

中国方面记录了初次接触时的战斗场景，我可以复述给你。

On September 11, 1962, at 7:30 am, Indian soldiers approached the Chinese outpost. China insisted on the principle of not firing first and demanded that Indian soldiers take a step back.

1962年9月11日7:30，印度士兵接近中国岗哨，中国坚持不先开枪的原则，并要求印度士兵退一步。

On September 11th at 8:05, Indian soldiers first killed a soldier named Li Yancheng who was speaking and demanding Indian soldiers to retreat with a hand grenade, and six Chinese soldiers were injured.

9月11日8时05分，印度士兵首先用手榴弹杀死了正在讲话并要求印度士兵后退的一个叫李延成的军人，另有6名中国士兵受伤。

Then the Chinese soldiers counterattacked, ended the conflict within 7 minutes, eliminated 67 Indian soldiers, and destroyed 7 Indian Defence fortifications with 40 type Rocket artillery.

随后中国士兵进行了反击，在7分钟内结束了冲突，消灭了67名印度士兵，用40型火箭炮摧毁了7座印度防御工事。

At 8:15 on September 11th, Indian soldiers ran out of the Chinese controlled area. Chinese soldiers did not chase into Indian controlled areas. (Many bodies of Indian soldiers remained in China, and after the conflict ended, Indian soldiers brought white flags into China to retrieve these bodies.)

9月11日8点15分印度士兵跑出中国控制区。中国士兵没有追进印度控制区。（许多印度士兵的尸体留在了中国，冲突结束后，印度士兵带着白旗进入中国取回这些尸体。）

Subsequently, the 17th Indian Artillery Brigade opened fire. Subsequently, the 380th Regiment of the Chinese Artillery launched a counterattack with 82 and 120 mortars.

随后，印度炮兵第17旅开火。紧接着，中国炮兵第380团用82和120迫击炮进行了反击。

During the four days and three nights of shelling, the Chinese artillery destroyed eight artillery positions, two command posts, two posts, 23 Fortification and two trucks. Killed and injured 540 Indian soldiers. Finally, Indian artillery stopped firing at 22:00 on September 13th, and China stopped firing after receiving instructions from Premier Zhou Enlai at noon on September 14th. If there is a ceasefire in India, we will also cease fire.

在4天3夜的炮击冲突中，中国炮兵摧毁了8个炮兵阵地、2个指挥所、2个哨所、23个防御工事和2辆卡车。打死打伤540名印度士兵。最后，印度炮兵在9月13日22时停止射击，中国在9月14日中午接到周恩来总理的指示后停止射击。（如果印度停火，我们也会停火）。

On October 1st at 11:20, a total of 7 Indian soldiers crossed the border and attempted to kidnap a Chinese soldier back to India, but failed. They were then pushed back to the Indian border. As usual, Indian soldiers first shot and killed one soldier and injured one Chinese soldier. Subsequently, Chinese soldiers counterattacked and eliminated all seven Indian soldiers who had crossed the border.

10月1日11时20分，共有7名印度士兵越境，试图将一名中国士兵绑架回印度，但没有成功，随后他们被推回印度边境。和往常一样，印度士兵首先开枪打死1名士兵，打伤1名中国士兵。随后，中国士兵反击，消灭了所有7名越境的印度士兵。

The Indian artillery fired with 51mm and 81mm mortars. Chinese artillery counterattacked at 12:00, killing and injuring half of the soldiers of two Indian companies, totaling 195 Indian soldiers. And destroyed 29 Fortification.

印度炮兵使用51毫米和81毫米迫击炮开火。中国炮兵于12时反击，打死和打伤了印度两个连的一半士兵，总共195名印度士兵。并摧毁了29座防御工事。

The Indian artillery stopped firing at 19:55, and then China stopped firing.

印度的大炮在19时55分停止了射击，然后中国停止了射击。

The result of this conflict is:

这场冲突的结果是：

China killed 607 Indian soldiers and seized 1 Light machine gun, 9 submachine guns and 16 rifles. There were 123 casualties among Chinese soldiers.

中国打死607名印度士兵，缴获1挺轻机枪、9挺冲锋枪和16支步枪。有123名中国士兵伤亡。

Finally, Indian soldiers waved white flags and entered China to retrieve their companions' bodies and weapons, and signed a temporary ceasefire document.

最后，印度士兵挥舞着白旗进入中国，取回他们同伴的尸体和武器，并在暂时停火文件中签字。


印度网友古达尔的回答
All this is thanks to Nehru and his favorite defense minister, Krishna Menon. So, let's take a closer look at the reasons why India was destined to fail in the 62 year war.

这一切都要感谢尼赫鲁和他最喜欢的国防部长克里希纳·梅农。所以，让我们来逐一看看印度在62年战争中注定失败的原因。

After independence, Nehru chose to ignore the construction of the National Defense Force, and even said that we are a nonviolent country that does not require a National Defense Force, as long as the police are sufficient.

1.独立后的尼赫鲁选择无视国防军的建设，他甚至说我们是一个非暴力国家，不需要国防军，只要警察就足够了。

2. The political leadership led by Nehru once again disregarded warnings and never regarded China as a strong opponent, continuing to peddle Hindu theories.

2.尼赫鲁领导下的政治领导层再次不顾警告，从未将中国视为有力的对手，并继续兜售印度教的理论。

3. Our soldiers are not even equipped with suitable ammunition, winter clothes, or footstools during combat.

3.我们的士兵在作战时甚至没有配备合适的弹药、冬衣或脚凳。

4. Krishna Menon and the army commander subsequently appointed by General B. M. Kaul of Nehru deliberately ignored the reliable information of the ground officers, which cost us the lives of soldiers.

4.克里希纳·梅农和随后由尼赫鲁将军B·M·考尔任命的陆军指挥官故意无视地面军官的可靠情报，这让我们付出了士兵的生命代价。

At that time, India's air and naval power was to some extent superior to China's, and the government was suggested to use air power to assist ground forces. However, as usual, Nehru rejected this proposal, leading to a humiliating failure.

5.当时印度的空中力量和海军力量在某种程度上优于中国，政府被建议使用空中力量来帮助地面部队，但随后像往常一样，尼赫鲁否决了这一提议，导致耻辱性的失败。

6. Krishna Menon, who was involved in the military jeep fraud, is still working in the government because he is the only blue eyed boy Nehru loves.

6.卷入军用吉普车贪污骗局的克里希纳·梅农仍在政府任职，因为他是尼赫鲁唯一挚爱的蓝眼睛男孩。

Nehru requested Kennedy's help against China, and he agreed. Nehru agreed to join the United States' alliance, but within a few hours, Nehru refused, saying that he could not join the alliance. They were leaders of non alliance.

尼赫鲁请求肯尼迪帮助对抗中国，他同意了，但以加入加入美国的联盟为条件，尼赫鲁开始同意了，但又在几个小时后拒绝了，说他不能加入联盟，他们是不结盟的领导者。

The failure in 1962 was clearly a disaster created by Politics of India's political leadership, which had no correct vision.

1962年的失败显然是印度政治领导层制造的灾难，他们没有任何正确的愿景。


海外网友戛甘的回答
A country's military needs to be as strong as its political leadership, but India is the opposite.

一个国家的军队需要和该国的政治领导层一样强大，但印度刚好相反。

In the 1950s, Nehru's position as a politician continued to rise on the international stage. Menon is an Indian diplomat with extreme left views. He once stationed in Britain and was a friend of Nehru. Menon was not a mass leader like other members of the Nehru cabinet, but was entrusted with the responsibilities of the Ministry of Defense.

20世纪50年代，尼赫鲁作为政治家的地位在国际舞台上不断提升。梅农是一名印度外交官，持有极左观点，曾驻扎在英国，是尼赫鲁的朋友。梅农不像尼赫鲁内阁中的其他人那样是一位群众领袖，但被赋予了国防部的职责。

Menon became India's fifth Minister of Defense in 1957.

梅农于1957年成为印度第五任国防部长。

Once, he put forward a proposal in parliament, stating that Pakistan is now a friend and therefore will not launch an attack. India has no other enemies in its neighboring countries, so it is meaningless to retain and maintain such a large army.

有一次，他在议会提出了一项建议，称巴基斯坦现在是朋友，因此不会发动袭击，印度在其邻国没有任何其他敌人，因此，保留和维持如此庞大的军队毫无意义。

When asked if a military is needed in an emergency, Menon said that if any emergency occurs, India can use the police force.

当被问及在紧急情况下是否需要军队时，梅农说，如果发生任何紧急情况，印度都可以动用警察部队。

He is the only defense minister who proposed to reduce the national annual Military budget and recall the troops deployed at the border in the cabinet committee. According to him, since we don't need an army, we don't need ammunition either. Therefore, he also closed India's Arsenal and instructed them to produce goods other than guns and ammunition.

他是唯一一位在内阁委员会中提出减少国家年度国防预算并召回部署在边境的军队的国防部长。据他说，由于不需要军队，所以我们也不需要弹药。因此，他还关闭了印度的兵工厂，并责成他们生产枪支弹药以外的其他商品。

Menon also attempted to disrupt the careers of some generals in the Indian army. Therefore, there have also been multiple conspiracies in this regard.

梅农还试图破坏印度军队中一些将军的职业生涯，在这方面也有多起阴谋。

On the eve of the conflict, General Shmaya, who served as the Army Commander in Chief before the war, insisted that India was not yet ready to engage in war with China. (Due to the types of firearms and ammunition used at the time, as well as the situation of border roads and flexible routes that were basically non-existent at that time.) Therefore, protecting the border on the Chinese side was the responsibility of politicians and diplomats.

冲突发生前夕，战前担任陆军总司令的什玛亚将军坚持认为，印度还没有准备好与中国开战。（由于当时使用的枪支和弹药种类，以及当时基本上不存在的边境公路和柔性线路的状况。）因此，保护中国一侧的边境是政治家和外交官的职责。

General Shmaya hopes that Lieutenant General Choulat will become his successor. However, Lieutenant General Tapal, a relative of the Nehru family, was appointed by the government as the Chief of the Army.

什玛亚将军希望周拉特中将成为他的继任者。但是，尼赫鲁家族的亲戚塔帕尔中将被政府任命为陆军总长。

There are reports that General Zhou Late has repeatedly sent letters to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the feasibility of invading the Chinese border. But Menon downplayed this point and exaggerated the possibility of launching an invasion on the Pakistani border.

有报道称，周拉特中将多次就进犯中国边界的可行性致函外交部。但梅农淡化了这一点，并夸大了在巴基斯坦边境发动侵略的可能性。

The above is the defense situation of India before the 1962 war.

以上是1962年战争前印度的国防状况。

After the provocation, China confronted India on multiple fronts.

挑衅发生后，中国在多条战线上迎击印度。

China launched a surprise attack on the Northeast Border Bureau, and there were no troops at the border to repel them. This later became one of the reasons for the upsurge of Anti-Indian sentiment sentiment in the region.

中国突袭了东北边境局，边境没有军队击退他们。这后来成为该地区反印度情绪高涨的原因之一。

When the Chinese marched towards Tawang, they met Subedar Joking Singh, who was commanding a platoon of more than 20 people at Bum La Pass. The Chinese attacked the pass in three waves, with 200 people in each wave. The first two attacks were unsuccessful, but soon the Indian platoon ran out of ammunition and had to rely on bayonets (knives, swords, or spear shaped weapons designed for the muzzle end of rifles). They were either eliminated or captured. Suberdal Jokind Singh was imprisoned.

当中国人向达旺前进时，他们遇到了苏贝达尔·乔金德·辛格，他指挥着一个由20多人组成的排，正在邦拉山口作战。中国人分三波进攻关隘，每波200人。前两次袭击都未成功，但很快印度排就耗尽了弹药，不得不依靠刺刀（设计用于步枪枪口末端的刀、剑或刺形武器）。他们或被消灭，或被俘虏。苏贝达尔·乔金德·辛格被关押了起来，然后中国势如破竹。

China controls Aksai Chin. In 1959, China built the world's highest highway connecting Aksai Chin, which was published in Chinese newspapers. China started and even completed the construction of roads, and the Nehru government was unaware of this.

还有一个事，中国控制阿克赛钦。1959年，中国建成了连接阿克赛钦的世界上最高的公路，这一消息在中国报纸上发表。中国开始，甚至完成了修建道路的工作，而尼赫鲁政府竟然对此一无所知。

Why did India lose?

印度为什么输了？

1. Poor leadership;

1.领导不力；

2. A government without vision;

2.没有眼界的政府；

3. Logistics nightmare during the war;

3.战争期间的后勤噩梦；

4. The Indian International Air Force did not play any role in the war.

4.印度国际空军在战争中没有起到任何作用。


美国网友凯文?安道夫的回答
The border dispute is not the real reason for the war between such two great powers, so what is the real reason?

边境争议不是两个如此大国之间战争的真正原因，那么真正的原因是什么呢？

By 1962, the division between China and the Soviet Union had reached an unprecedented level of opposition. The Soviet Union has withdrawn all assistance to China and militarized the border between China and Russia. On the other hand, China claimed that the Soviet Union had abandoned socialism and was gradually becoming Social imperialism, and called on all communists in the world to break with the Soviet government. In this split, although Vietnam and Alejandro Cao de Benós began to support the China to some extent, they soon changed their positions. Therefore, China is isolated. On the one hand, it conflicts with the Soviet bloc, and on the other hand, it conflicts with the Western Bloc.

到1962年，中苏分裂达到了前所未有的对立程度。苏联已经撤回了对中国的所有帮助，并将中俄边境军事化。另一方面，中国宣称苏联已经放弃社会主义，正在逐步成为社会帝国主义，并呼吁世界上所有的共产主义者与苏联政府决裂。在这场分裂中，尽管当时越南和朝鲜一开始在一定程度上支持中华人民共和国，但很快他们也改变了立场。因此，中国处于孤立状态，一方面与苏联集团发生冲突，另一方面与西方集团不和。

In this case, both the Western Bloc and the Soviet Union Group encouraged Nehru to adopt a forward policy, which would bring huge political problems to China. Therefore, Nehru began to send troops to invade Chinese territory, despite the repeated dissuasion of well-known Indian military figures.

在这种情况下，西方集团和苏联集团都鼓励尼赫鲁采取前进政策，这将给中国带来巨大的政治难题，因此，尼赫鲁开始派遣军队侵入中国领土，尽管印度的知名军事人物一再劝阻他。

Now, this is not a political issue in India because the Indian people lack political awareness; Their freedom movement was hijacked by Gandhi and Hindu fascists, who transformed it from a colony to a semi colony under the indirect system of imperialist oppression.

现在，这在印度并不是什么政治问题，因为印度群众缺乏政治意识；他们的自由运动被甘地和印度教法西斯主义者劫持，他们在帝国主义压迫的间接制度下，将其从殖民地转变为半殖民地。

However, China gained freedom through a successful revolutionary war, and its ordinary citizens' awareness of China India border politics reached the core of ideology. Therefore, for Chinese people, whether to yield to the military supported by imperialist powers is an ideological issue. To some extent, the Chinese believed they had had enough and launched a carefully planned resistance.

然而，中国通过一场成功的革命战争获得了自由，其普通公民对中印边境政治的意识达到了意识形态的核心。因此，对于中国人来说，是否屈服于帝国主义列强支持的军队是一个意识形态问题。在某种程度上，中国人认为他们受够了，于是发动了一场精心策划的抵抗。

Nehru never expected China to retaliate, he was completely unaware. If the Soviet Union and the Western imperialist groups participated in the war, China would lose, but they did not, because the United States and the Soviet Union were hampered by the Cuban Missile Crisis, and China's land retaliation against the Soviet Union might cause serious damage. For the same reason, India dare not use its air force to escalate the war. Then, we know what happened next.

尼赫鲁从未料到中国会进行报复，他浑然不知。如果苏联和西方帝国主义集团参与战争，那么中国会输，但他们没有，因为美国和苏联正被古巴导弹危机掣肘，而且中国对苏联的陆地报复可能会造成严重损害。出于同样的原因，印度不敢使用其空军来升级战争。然后，我们就知道接下来发生了什么。

It was the war of 1962 that left a profound scar on the hearts of Indians.

就是1962年的战争，这一悲剧事件在印度人的心里留下了深刻的创伤。

India and China, two huge neighbors accounting for about 40% of the world's population, were involved in a long-term dispute, which even led to a war in 1962, when India was defeated by China. What makes this issue even more painful is that the Indian government continues to conceal the report on this disaster written by Lieutenant General Henderson Brooks and Brigadier General Prem Bhagat in 1963.

印度和中国这两个占世界人口约40%的巨大邻国陷入了长期的争端，这场争端甚至导致了1962年的一场战争，印度被中国击败。让这个问题更加痛苦的是，印度政府继续隐瞒Henderson Brooks中将和Prem Bhagat准将在1963年编写的关于这场灾难的报告。

What was the reason for India's defeat in 1962?

1962年印度战败的原因是什么？

1) Lack of pre-treatment:-

1） 缺乏预处理：-

The Indian army is not adequately prepared for war. However, the Chinese military is ready for war. There are small-scale border conflicts that violate the ceasefire, but it is believed that this will not lead to a full-scale frontline war. In addition, the equipment of Chinese soldiers is advanced and well trained to operate on these terrains. In addition, India's infrastructure is poor.

印度军队对战争准备不足。然而，中国军队已经做好了战争的准备。有边界小规模冲突，违反停火，但据信这不会导致全面的前线战争。此外，中国军人的装备很先进，受过良好的训练，可以在这些地形上作战，此外，印度方面的基础设施很差。

2) A brief siege led by:-

2） 短暂的围攻领导：-

At that time, the Nehru government highly valued nonviolence. They overlooked the concept of realism. When the British left India, Lord Mountbatten instructed one of his commanders to develop a military plan in advance to protect India. Nehru refuted this viewpoint, saying that nonviolence is our only weapon. With the resignation of Sadar Patel, no one can confront Nehru and his will.

当时的尼赫鲁政府非常推崇非暴力。他们忽视了现实主义的概念。当英国人离开印度时，蒙巴顿勋爵指示他的一名指挥官预先制定一项保护印度的军事计划。尼赫鲁驳斥了这一观点，他说非暴力是我们唯一的武器。随着萨达尔·帕特尔的下台，没有人可以对抗尼赫鲁及其意志。

3) Lack of strategy:-

3） 缺乏策略：-

It is widely believed that there will never be a war between China and India. The Pan Agreement signed by Prime Minister Nehru and Zhou Enlai even strengthened the ties between these two neighboring countries. There is no military strategy for engaging in war with China.

人们普遍认为，中国和印度之间永远不会发生战争。尼赫鲁和周恩来总理签署的潘协定甚至加强了这两个邻国之间的联系。没有关于与中国开战的军事战略。

4) Military:-

4） 军事：-

The local army commanders (4th Infantry Brigade and 7th Infantry Brigade) do not know where the border is. Furthermore, the mistake of not using IAF during the war was a serious mistake. Compared to India, China has more advanced inventory.

当地陆军指挥官（4步兵旅和7步兵旅）不知道边界在哪里。此外，战争期间不使用IAF的错误是一个严重的错误。与印度相比，中国的库存更先进。复。但金允林认为，随着半导体产业为各种外部因素拖累，尚难预测行业恢复的时间以及对韩国出口的拉动效应。