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疫情已被控制 官方公布全美疫苗接种大数据

2021-07-06 09:33:27

2021-04-16 09:52:45  

相信强生疫苗的新闻让很多等待一针疫苗的民众感到担忧。全美不少地区目前暂停该疫苗,而不少民众也将目光又锁回了mRNA疫苗。

一些人选择强生疫苗,除了只打一针比较方便外,很多人也是出于谨慎,对于最新的mRNA疫苗不信任。不过mRNA疫苗在以色列(主要是辉瑞)的接种结果非常好,给了不少民众信心。

除此以外,不论是暂停的强生,还是全美开始接种的mRNA疫苗,美国的数据也陆续出炉。

美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)周四报告称,在完全接种疫苗的人当中,约有5800人仍然感染新冠,其中7%(396人)须住院治疗,74人死亡。

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很多新闻根据这条标题写道:可怕!美国5800人接种疫苗后感染病毒!大家有没有被这个题目吓到?相信多数网友看到了这个数据会感到反而更加踏实,但是还是会有人紧张,那我们继续往下看....

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据悉,这是CDC首次对“突破感染”(breakthrough infections)进行公开统计,即在完全接种疫苗后发生的感染。那么这些感染人数的比例呢?

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美国约有7700万人已经完全接种了疫苗,也就是说5800/77000000,感染率只有0.007%,感染率不足0.01%。

同一天,德州卫生专家近日就公布了休斯敦卫生部提供的数据,在完全接种疫苗两周后,休斯敦有142人感染了新冠病毒。

这一比例占疫苗完全接种的居民总数的0.02%。此前不论是Moderna或辉瑞都表示完全接种率在94%-95%(参考数据见文后),休斯敦和全美的数据都再次印证了疫苗目前的有效性。

当然感染的病例会有延时,后续感染率肯定还会增加。

科学家也表示研究这一数字不是为了吓人,也不是为了证明疫苗强大。目的主要是帮助研究人员确定疫苗在控制研究之外的有效性,对抗变异的有效性,以及是否可能需要加强剂量。

上周,美国国家过敏与传染病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)的主任安东尼?福西(Anthony Fauci)博士,在一个虚拟的简报会上告诉记者,所谓的接种疫苗在感染COVID-19的数量并不值得关注。

福西说:“我认为,重要的是看看接种疫苗人群的分母是多少,因为这是非常有可能的——我们至少是间接地听到的,我们肯定也会证实——那些发生突破感染的人数,与疫苗90%以上的有效性并不矛盾。因此,我认为,没有必要担心疫苗的功效出现了变化。”

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美国目前疫苗的订购和接种量

当然有些民众会问,接种了疫苗为什么还会被感染?

科学家表示,这个属于常识性问题,任何疫苗都不能做到对人体百分百的防护,希望民众科学认识疫苗。

该市首席医疗官大卫?佩尔斯(David Persse)博士表示:疫苗能给你提供一定程度的保护,但没有疫苗是百分之百有效的。虽然已经有数十万人接种了疫苗,但在一个仍然存在病毒传播的社区,有少数人被感染并不是什么可令人大惊小怪的事情。

佩尔斯说,在接种疫苗后检测又呈阳性的休斯敦居民中,无一人需要住院治疗。他说,与未接种疫苗的人相比,接种疫苗的人的症状通常非常轻微。

当然,该地区毕竟感染的人数只有142人,所以小编接种疫苗就会完全出现轻症的结论,目前还需要继续用时间来证明。

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就像有些网友说,为什么疫苗只有半年有效性?

这也是因为目前第一批疫苗接种者刚刚过去8个月,更多的数据还在继续跟进中,疫苗究竟是6个月有效,还是8个月,1年或者更长时间有效,我们也需要继续用时间证明。

今天已经有报道称,对于已经接种两针的民众,可能会在不久接种第三针,以后变成每年接种一次,不知道这样大家是否能接受?

当然还会有网友问,既然接种有效为什么一些州的数字还在猛增?

这要具体州具体分析,目前美国的接种水平非常很不平均,一些州接种进展缓慢,如果想等到全民接种,要起码等到今年冬天。

同时,在新感染中,未接种疫苗人的比例正在飙升。

纽约市今天公布数据,全市老年人中61%已经接种了至少一剂疫苗,65岁以上老年人新冠住院比例从一月中旬至今已经下降了一半以上(51%)。但市卫生局局长乔克什也提醒民众不要将进步当成胜利,尚未注射疫苗者赶紧上网nyc.gov/vaccinefinder或致电877-VAX-4NYC预约注射。

目前,包括爱达荷州、佛罗里达州、密歇根州、明尼苏达州、南卡罗来纳州和华盛顿州在内的美国的一些州,最近已经发现,一些完全接种疫苗的美国人,依旧产生感染。

华盛顿州卫生部长乌迈尔?沙阿(Umair Shah)在一份声明中说:“所找到的疫苗突破病例的证据提醒我们,即使你已经接种过疫苗,你仍然需要戴口罩、保持社交距离、洗手,以防止把COVID-19传播给其他没有接种过疫苗的人。”

最后,小编也提醒大家,现在一些媒体总会用:恐怖!接种疫苗后xxx死亡,上百人感染这样的标题。小编也是做媒体的,当然知道这样的标题点击率会飙升。(小编也请大家原谅,很多时候小编也会用诈唬的标题)

但是也请大家静下心来认真分析下数据。确诊增加,是没打疫苗的人增加?还是已经打了疫苗的人在增加,两者的比例?上百人打完针感染甚至死亡,那他与人类的自然死亡率相比....等等。

当然,如果您担心疫苗的副作用,也请继续等待更多的数据,接种疫苗与否是个人的权利,也是个人生活风险的评估。小编希望大家根据自身实际情况,决定是否接种疫苗,所有愿意接种疫苗的民众尽快能够接种,而愿意等待的民众也能拿到让自己安心的数据。

(编者注:根据美国药物监管机构的数据,辉瑞公司的疫苗,在预防病毒感染方面有95%的有效性。在临床试验中,Moderna疫苗的有效率为94.1%,而强生公司疫苗的有效率为66.9%。这个百分比是在最后一次接种后的两个星期内的有效率。)

CDC: Out of 75 million fully  Americans, 5,800 got COVID-19, and 74 died Ben Gilbert and Hilary Brueck Apr 15, 2021, 2:50 PM Vaccine distribution lechatnoir/Getty Images About 5,800 of 75 million fully vaccinated Americans have gotten COVID-19, according to the CDC. Such "breakthrough" cases are to be expected, the CDC said, as vaccines aren't 100% effective. They're rare, affecting about 0.008% of vaccinated people, but more common in older adults. Visit the Business section of Insider for more stories.

More than one in five Americans have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. But vaccinated people can still get the coronavirus, though infections are exceedingly rare and typically quite mild.

Of the 75 million people across the US who were fully vaccinated as of Tuesday, some 5,800 had still tested positive for COVID-19, in what's known as a "breakthrough infection," according to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

A few of those infections in vaccinated people were severe. About 400 of the 5,800 people with breakthrough infections, or 7%, required hospitalization, and 74, or 1.3%, died from the disease, the CDC said in a statement.

The report is another reminder that, as Dr. Anthony Fauci and other public-health experts have been stressing for months, vaccination is not a one-and-done way to end the pandemic. Wearing masks and social distancing remain critically important until we have enough immunity to stop the virus' circulation.

'The vaccine is working as expected' These breakthrough infections are to be expected and are in line with how other vaccines work, the CDC said.

"We expect thousands of vaccine breakthrough cases will occur even though the vaccine is working as expected," the statement said.

Read more: All the differences between COVID-19 vaccines, summarized in a simple table that you can take to your vaccination appointment

"With the number of breakthrough cases, I think the important thing is to look at what the denominator of vaccinated people is," Fauci, the top infectious-disease expert in the US, said during a White House press briefing last week.

Breakthrough infections have occurred in about 0.008% of the people who've had their COVID-19 shot(s) and allowed them two full weeks to take effect. Fatal breakthrough cases have been very rare; the Minnesota Health Department tallied zero deaths in the first 89 breakthrough infection cases in the state.

"It's important to know that even if someone is vaccinated and then goes on to be one of the few unfortunate people to develop a breakthrough case, there still can be some level of protection provided by the vaccine," Kris Ehresmann, the department's infectious-disease director, said during a briefing in March.

The breakthrough rate of infections in Minnesota at that time was about 0.01%.

The new figures from the CDC also suggest that the authorized COVID-19 vaccines are nearly perfect at preventing death, as clinical trials had suggested: With 74 fatalities in 75 million people fully vaccinated, the vaccines appeared to be 99.99% effective.

Some people who are vaccinated and subsequently get infected may not even know it either, as about a third of the breakthrough infections (29%) were asymptomatic, discoverable only with a test, the CDC said.

40% of the breakthrough infections were in fully vaccinated people over 60 CRISTINA QUICLER / Contributor / Getty Images The risk of a breakthrough infection might not be equal among everyone who's been vaccinated. The CDC said about 40% of the breakthrough infections reported had been discovered in people over 60, a demographic in which vaccines are often less effective.

"It is likely that elderly individuals, particularly if they are frail and have underlying conditions, might not have responded as well to the vaccine," Fauci said. "When someone is already elderly and may or may not have an underlying condition, that it is unfortunate but not surprising that you might have a couple of deaths."

The CDC said it created a nationwide "vaccine breakthrough database" for state health departments to help the federal government monitor cases.

"People who have been fully vaccinated should keep taking precautions in public places like wearing a mask, staying at least 6 feet apart from others, avoiding crowds and poorly ventilated spaces, and washing their hands often," the CDC said.

Got a tip? Email Insider senior correspondent Ben Gilbert ([email protected]), or Insider senior science and health reporter Hilary Brueck ([email protected]).

Correction: A previous version of this story relied on outdated data from the CDC about how many people had been fully vaccinated by April 13, 2021. By then, 75 million people across the US had been fully vaccinated, not 66 million.

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贴主:nowhere1于2021_04_16 20:52:18编辑